Entity Framework Code First : how to annotate a foreign key for a "Default" value?

Question

Entity Framework Code First : how to annotate a foreign key for a "Default" value?

data-annotations ef-code-first entity-framework

Question

I have 2 classes: Client and Survey.

Each Client can have many surveys - but only one default survey.

I have defined the classes like this:

public class Client
{
    [DatabaseGenerated(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity)]
    public int ID { get; set; }

    public string ClientName { get; set; }

    public Nullable<int> DefaultSurveyID { get; set; }

    [ForeignKey("DefaultSurveyID")]
    public virtual Survey DefaultSurvey { get; set; }

    public virtual ICollection<Survey> Surveys { get; set; }
}

public class Survey
{
    [DatabaseGenerated(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity)]
    public int ID { get; set; }

    public string SurveyName { get; set; }

    [Required]
    public int ClientID { get; set; }

    [ForeignKey("ClientID")]
    public virtual Client Client { get; set; }
}

This creates the Client table as I expect:

[dbo].[Clients]
(
[ID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
[ClientName] [nvarchar](max) NULL,
[DefaultSurveyID] [int] NULL
)

But the Survey table has an extra foreign key:

[dbo].[Surveys]
(
[ID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
[SurveyName] [nvarchar](max) NULL,
[ClientID] [int] NOT NULL,
[Client_ID] [int] NULL
)

Why is Code First generating this relationship and how to I tell it not to?

Colin

Popular Answer

You can do it using code-first, but not being a code first expert I cheated :-)

1) I created the tables and relationships (as above without the extra Client_ID) in the database using SMS

2) I used Reverse Engineer Code First to create the required classes and mappings

3) I dropped the database and recreated it using context.Database.Create()

Original table defs:

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Client](
    [Id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
    [Name] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
    [DefaultSurveyId] [int] NULL,
     CONSTRAINT [PK_dbo.Client] PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED 
    (
        [Id] ASC
    )
)

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Survey](
    [Id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
    [Name] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
    [ClientId] [int] NULL,
     CONSTRAINT [PK_dbo.Survey] PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED 
    (
        [Id] ASC
    )
)

Plus foreign keys

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Survey]  WITH CHECK 
    ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_dbo.Survey_dbo.Client_ClientId] FOREIGN KEY([ClientId])
    REFERENCES [dbo].[Client] ([Id])

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Client]  WITH CHECK 
    ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_dbo.Client_dbo.Survey_DefaultSurveyId] 
    FOREIGN KEY([DefaultSurveyId]) REFERENCES [dbo].[Survey] ([Id])

Code generated by reverse engineering:

public partial class Client
{
    public Client()
    {
        this.Surveys = new List<Survey>();
    }

    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public int? DefaultSurveyId { get; set; }
    public virtual Survey DefaultSurvey { get; set; }
    public virtual ICollection<Survey> Surveys { get; set; }
}

public partial class Survey
{
    public Survey()
    {
        this.Clients = new List<Client>();
    }

    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public int? ClientId { get; set; }
    public virtual ICollection<Client> Clients { get; set; }
    public virtual Client Client { get; set; }
}

public class ClientMap : EntityTypeConfiguration<Client>
{
    #region Constructors and Destructors

    public ClientMap()
    {
        // Primary Key
        this.HasKey(t => t.Id);

        // Properties
        this.Property(t => t.Name).HasMaxLength(50);

        // Table & Column Mappings
        this.ToTable("Client");
        this.Property(t => t.Id).HasColumnName("Id");
        this.Property(t => t.Name).HasColumnName("Name");
        this.Property(t => t.DefaultSurveyId).HasColumnName("DefaultSurveyId");

        // Relationships
        this.HasOptional(t => t.DefaultSurvey)
            .WithMany(t => t.Clients).HasForeignKey(d => d.DefaultSurveyId);
    }

    #endregion
}

public class SurveyMap : EntityTypeConfiguration<Survey>
{
    #region Constructors and Destructors

    public SurveyMap()
    {
        // Primary Key
        this.HasKey(t => t.Id);

        // Properties
        this.Property(t => t.Name).HasMaxLength(50);

        // Table & Column Mappings
        this.ToTable("Survey");
        this.Property(t => t.Id).HasColumnName("Id");
        this.Property(t => t.Name).HasColumnName("Name");
        this.Property(t => t.ClientId).HasColumnName("ClientId");

        // Relationships
        this.HasOptional(t => t.Client)
            .WithMany(t => t.Surveys).HasForeignKey(d => d.ClientId);
    }

    #endregion
}

Phil

View more on Stack Overflow

ecampver · Accepted Answer · 3/19/2013 3:21:31 AM

The problem is that when you have multiple relationships between two entities, EF Code First isn't able to find out which navigation properties match up, unless, you tell it how, here is the code:

public class Client
{
    [DatabaseGenerated(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity)]
    public int ID { get; set; }

    public string ClientName { get; set; }

    /****Change Nullable<int> by int?, looks better****/
    public int? DefaultSurveyID { get; set; }

    /****You need to add this attribute****/
    [InverseProperty("ID")]
    [ForeignKey("DefaultSurveyID")]
    public virtual Survey DefaultSurvey { get; set; }

    public virtual ICollection<Survey> Surveys { get; set; }
}

With your previous version, EF was creating that extra relationship because it didn't know that the DefaultSurvey property was referencing the ID of the Survey class, but you can let it know that, adding the attribute InverseProperty whose parameter is the name of the property in Survey you need DefaultSurvey to match with.

Entity Framework Code First : how to annotate a foreign key for a "Default" value?

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